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FEA and CFD Analysis

Release Notes For TrueGrid® Version 2.3.0

Here are some of the high lights of the many improvements in TrueGrid® Version 2.3.0.

1. A bug was fixed related to edges that were placed onto a curves and the res, drs, as, or das command was useds over multiple edges. This was a new bug that was introduced in version 2.2.3.

2. The maximum number of transformations in the lrep and grep commands was increased to 500.

3. A numerical error caused some cases in the relax command with multiple regions (using the ampersand) with glued faces or edges (using the BB command) to work incorrectly. The connim edge or face would not be smoothed. This only occurred in the cylindrical part (cylinder command).

4. There was a bug in decoding the internal drawing commands issued by the drawing buttons in the environment window. This bug was specific to IBM-AIX.

5. A bug in the CRY2 surface type of the SD command which ignored the y-component of the axis of symmetry has been fixed.

6. A bug reading TIME HISTORY BLOCKS in LLNL DYNA3D input decks has been fixed.

7. A bug reading curves from binary iges files has been fixed. been fixed.

8. The new LS-DYNA brick elements CFLF for 1 point corotational crushable foam brick (MODIFIED HONEYCOMB, material 126, only), APB8 for 8 point acoustic brick, ESS8 for 8 point Enhanced strain solid brick, CE4P for 4 Point Cohesive Element, CE4O for 4 Point Cohesive Element with offset for use with shells, ENS for 1 point Eulerian Navier-Stokes, ENS8 for 8 point Eulerian Navier-Stokes, MFF for mesh-free solid formulation, and SLE for Simplified Linear Brick

9. The new LS-DYNA shell elements PSTS for plane stress (xy-plane), PSTN for plane strain (xy-plane), ASSA for axisymmetric solid - area weighted, ASSV for axisymmetric solid - volume weighted, FIDK for fully integrated DK quad/tri, FC0 for fully integrated C0 shell, FC05 for fully integrated C0 shell(5 DOF), LSP3 for linear shear panel element, BTTH for Belytschko-Tsay with stretch, FCTH for fully integrated shell with stretch, ENS for 1 point Eulerian Navier-Stokes, ENS8 for 8 point Eulerian Navier-Stokes, MFSF for mesh-free strain formulation, MFAS for mesh-free axisymmetric solid form, and SLE for simplified linear shell, have been added.

10. Also added for LS-DYNA shells are the following ALE options AFAC for simple average smoothing factor, BFAC for volume weighting smoothing factor, CFAC for isoparametric smoothing factor, DFAC for equipotential smoothing factor, EFAC for equilibrium smoothing factor, STS for start time for smoothing, ETS for end time for smoothing, and AAF for ale advection factor.

11. The LS-DYNA parameter non-structural mass per unit area, MAREA, has been added for all shells.

12. The LS-DYNA IDOF option which specifies a continuous or discontinuous thickness field across element edges is available for for shell element types BTTH and FCTH.

13. The LS-DYNA 2D solid element type for element types PSTN, ASSA and ASSV, can be set to Lagrangian, Eulerian, or ALE element type with the new option, SELTYP.

14. The new LS-DYNA thick shell element, S22 for assumed strain 2x2 in plane, has been added.

15. The new while feature is a way to iterate over a set of commands. The while starts a block of commands to be repeated until a condition is met. The endwhile statement closes the while statement, or, in other words, marks the end of the block of commands that are repeated each iteration. The rules for the condition match those of the if and elseif statements. Do not mix the while/endwhile command with other commands on the same line. Also, care is needed so that an if/elseif/else/endif blocks do not cross with the while/endwhile. This feature works like any iterative construct in a programming language. The limitations are the same as in other languages as well. Use the break command to jump out of a while/endwhile block. The while/endwhile command can be embedded with in another while/endwhile 20 times.



while(expression)
commands
endwhile

EXAMPLE:

para ix 1;
if(%ix.eq.0)then
while(%ix.lt.10)
block 1 2;1 2;1 2;1 2 1 2 1 2
para jx 0;
while(%jx.lt.%ix)
tri ;;;my .5;
if(%jx.gt.5)then
break
endif
para jx [%jx+1];
endwhile
para jx 0;
while(%jx.lt.%ix)
tri ;;;my .5;
if(%jx.gt.5)then
break
endif
para jx [%jx+1];
endwhile
lct 1 mx %ix;lrep 1;
endpart
para ix [%ix+1];
endwhile

16. The new command BMS changes the cross section properties of a set of beam elements.

BMS beams options ;
where beams can be
SET element_set_name
LBM list_beams ;
where an option can be:
ORIENT x y z
V xn yn zn
CS cross_section_#
ROFF1 x-component
SOFF1 y-component
TOFF1 z-component
ROFF2 x-component
SOFF2 y-component
TOFF2 z-component
STHI thickness
STHI1 thickness
STHI2 thickness
TTHI thickness
TTHI1 thickness
TTHI2 thickness
CSAREA area
SHAREA area
INERTIA iss itt irr
VOLD cable_volume
LUMP lumped_inertia
CABLCID local_coordinate_#
CABAREA cable_area
CABOFF cable_offset
LDR1
LDR1o
LDS1
LDS1o
LDT1
LDT1o
LRR1
LRR1o
LRS1
LRS1o
LRT1
LRT1o
LDR2
LDR2o
LDS2
LDS2o
LDT2
LDT2o
LRR2
LRR2o
LRS2
LRS2o
LRT2
LRT2o
LDP distance
THETA angle
WARPAGE node_1 node_2
GEOM option
where option can be
1 for center of curvature
2 for tangent of centroid arc
3 for bend radius
4 for arc angle


17. A bug was fixed in the mt command in the merge phase so that beam elements in an element set can be assigned a new material number.

18. A bug was fixed in the assignment of variable nodal properties, such as initial temperatures (vtm, vtmi) and fixed temperature (vft, vfti) to faces at a transition block boundary.

19. The eset, fset, and nset commands in the merge phase have a new option when listing elements or nodes. The OFFSET option will add a given number to each element or node, respectively.

There are several new automatic parameters. They always have their values changed as the number of elements or nodes changes.

%nextnode : the next possible node number
%nextlbrick : the next possible linear brick element number
%nextlshell : the next possible linear shell element number
%nextlbeam : the next possible linear beam element number
%nextqbrick : the next possible quadratic brick element number
%nextqshell : the next possible quadratic shell element number

20. The ABAQSTEP command has a number of new options that control the outout. The new keyword options are:

CRSLTF for Contact Results File
ERSLTf for Element Results File
NRSLTF for Nodal Results File
MRSLTF for Modal Results File
RRSLTF for Radiation Results File
SRSLTF for Section Results File
ENRSLTF for Energy Results File
CDF for Contact Data File
EDF for Element Data File
NDF for Nodal Data File
MDF for Modal Data File
RDF for Radiation Data File
SDF for Section Data File
ENDF for Energy Data File
FIELO for Output Field
HISTO for Output History

The exact syntax is:

CRSLTF options keys ; for Contact Results File
where an option can be
FREQ frequency for Frequency
SINM face_set for Master Sliding interface
SINS face_set for Slave Sliding interface
NAMENS set_name for Name of node set
ERSLTf options keys ; for Element Results File
where an option can be
DIRW for Directions
ELESN set_name for Element set name
FREQ frequency for Frequency
LMODE mode for Last mode
FMODE mode for First mode
POSI flag for Position
where flag can be
1 for Averaged at nodes
2 for Centroidal
3 for Integration points
4 for Nodes
REBA name for Rebar
NRSLTF options keys ; for Nodal Results File
where an option can be
FREQ frequency for Frequency
NOGLOB for No Global directions
LMODE mode for Last mode
FMODE mode for First mode
NAMENS set_name for Node set name
MRSLTF options keys ; for Modal Results File
where an option can be
FREQ frequency for Frequency
RRSLTF options keys ; for Radiation Results File
where an option can be
FREQ frequency for Frequency
CAVI cavity_name for Cavity
NAMEES set_name for Element set
SURF surface_name for Surface
SRSLTF section surface options keys ; for Section Results File
where an option can be
LAXE for Local Axes output
FREQ frequency for Frequency
NUPD for No Update
DANN node for Anchor node
DANC x y z for Anchor point
DAXN1 node for First Axis node
DAXC1 x y z for First Axis point
DAXN2 node for Second Axis node
DAXC2 x y z for Second Axis point
ENRSLTF options ; for Energy Results File
where an option can be
NAMEES set_name for Element Set name
FREQ frequency for Frequency
CDATAF options keys ; for Contact Data File
where an option can be
FREQ frequency for Frequency
SIN interface_# for Sliding interface number
NAMENS set_name for Node set name
NSUM for No Summary
TOTA for Totals
EDATAF options keys ; for Element Data File
where an option can be
ELESN set_name for Element set name
FREQ frequency for Frequency
LMODE mode for Last mode
FMODE mode for First mode
POSI for Position
where flag can be
1 for Averaged at nodes
2 for Centroidal
3 for Integration points
4 for Nodes
REBA name for Rebar
NSUM for No Summary
TOTA for Totals
NDATAF options keys ; for Nodal Data File
where an option can be
FREQ frequency for Frequency
GLOB for Global
LMODE mode for Last mode
FMODE mode for First mode
NAMENS set_name for Node set name
NSUM for No Summary
TOTA for Totals
MDATAF options keys ; for Modal Data File
where an option can be
FREQ frequency for Frequency
RDATAF options keys ; for Radiation Data File
where an option can be
FREQ frequency for Frequency
CAVI name for Cavity
NAMEES set_name for Element set
SURF name for Surface
NSUM for No Summary
TOTA for Totals
SDATAF section surface options keys ; for Section Data File
where an option can be
CAVI name for Cavity
NAMEES set_name for Element set
SURF name for Surface
DAXN node1 node 2 for Define Axes by Nodes
DAXC x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 for Define Axes by Coordinates
ENDATAF options ; for Energy Data File
where an option can be
NAMEES set_name for Element Set name
FREQ frequency for Frequency
FIELO options vars for Output Field
where an option can be
ONI n for Number of intervals
TIM flag for Time Marks
where flag can be
YES
NO
CNEW for Start from scratch
CADD for Add to previous options
CREPL for Replace only similar types
where vars must one of
ALL for all variables
LIST lists ;
where a list can be
CONT paras keys ; for Contact Variables
where a para can be
CPSET set_name for Contact pair
CONTACT for Contact
NSET set_name for Node Set
MASTER surface_name for Master side
SLAVE surface_name for Slave side
ALL for All contact variables
PRESELEC for All contact variables
ELEM paras keys ; for Element Variables
where a para can be
ELSET set_name for Element set
POSITION loc for Position
where loc can be
CENT for Centroidal
INTEG for Integration points
NODES for Nodes
REBAR name for Rebar
ALL for All element variables
PRESELEC for Preselected variables
NODE parameters keys ; for Node Variables
where a para can be
NSET set_name for Node set
TRACER name for Tracer
ALL for All node variables
PRESELEC for Preselected variables
RADI paras keys ; for Radiation Variables
where a para can be
CAVITY name for Cavity
ELSET set_name for Element set
SURFACE surface_name for Surface
ALL for All radiation variables
PRESELEC for Preselected variables
HISTO options vars for Output History
where an option can be
FREQ interval for Frequency interval
LMOD list_modes ; for Mode List
where vars must one of
ALL for all variables
LIST lists ;
where a list can be
CONT para keys ; for Contact Variables
where a para can be
CPSET set_name for Contact pair
NSET set_name for Node Set
MASTER surface_name for Master side
SLAVE surface_name for Slave side
ALL for All contact variables
PRESELEC for Preselected variables
ELEM para keys ; for Element Variables
where a para can be
ELSET set_name for Element set
TRACER set_name for Tracer
REBAR name for Rebar
ALL for All element variables
PRESELEC for Preselected variables
NODE para keys ; for Node Variables
where a para can be
NSET set_name for Node set
TRACER set_name for Tracer
ALL for All node variables
PRESELEC for Preselected variables
MODA para keys ; for Modal Variables
where a para can be
ALL for All Modal variables
RADI para keys ; for Radiation Variables
where a para can be
CAVITY name for Cavity
ELSET set_name for Element set
SURFACE surface_name for Surface
ALL for All radiation variables
ENER para keys ; for Energy Variables
where a para can be
ELSET set_name for Element set
ALL for All Energy variables
PRESELEC for Preselected variables

21. The STATIC option for the ABAQSTEP command has one fewer auguments. There is no longer a need for the tolerance.

22. OpenGL Hardware Graphics has been implemented. TrueGrid can display objects much faster than ever by using graphics hardware that is designed and optimized for the display of 3D graphics.

The hardare graphics can be activated/deactivated by the "H.W." button on the environment window.

It is useful when user wants to see and check the model through color graphics while enjoying the faster display.

HW graphics options are available through the popup-menus at the right mouse click such as Fog, Lighting, Grid, Material Setup and Cutting Plane.

But HW mode of graphics of current release has some limitations. It does not highlight object or partitions. it does not do such operations as picking and moving objects.

To enhance the performance of display on Windows, user can setup the performance options using control panel. The major performace enhancement of display can be achieved by turning off the "Vertical sync" by selecting the graphics card from "Advanced" under "Setting" of "Display Properties".

There is known display issues with some drivers related to the OpneGL. Symptoms are:
(a) If mouse point is moved after a menu or a button was highlighted, a black block displays under the mouse point.
(b) There is another interactions between mouse and pictures. When a region is moving by "Rotate", "Screen Plane", or "Front View", the picture is not drawn properly because of the interactions with the cursor.
Two techniques that might solve the issues:
(a) Open the Mouse Properties dialog from the Windows control panel and uncheck the "Enable pointer shadow" on the Pointers tab.
(b) Issue a new SYSCURSR command in the text window to switch the cursors to the ones that Windows provides from the cursors that TrueGrid provides.

In case when the linux/unix machine does not support OpenGL, TrueGrid has another version which still runs without HW graphics.

23. Fill mode graphics is now available in part phase.

24. The new MOF command is a way to specify the name of the output from TrueGrid than the default name 'trugrdo'.

mof mesh_output_file_name

25. A bug in the SPP command when projecting nodes and edges has been fixed.

26. Replication using the LEV, PSLV, and PPLV commands is now available with the NASTRN, NEUTRAL, DYNA3D, LSDYNA, and IGES input types in the READMESH command. For example

gct 2 mx 4 ; my 4 ;
lev 1 grep 0 1 2; ;
pslv 1
readmesh lsdyna nastrn.deck endpart
pplv 1

will read in the nastran mesh contained in the file nastrn.deck and produce the original mesh, a copy 4 units in the x direction and a copy 4 units in the y direction.

27. A new option has been added to the control card options for LS-DYNA. The new option, LSNWDS, defines the number the memory size (in mgawords) used in the LS-DYNA run (written out as number of words on the *KEYWORD card).

28. The STARCD output has been redone and is compatible with version 3. The material or element type is spcified with the new STARMATS command. The STARBC and STARBCI commands in the part phase and the STARBC command in the merge phase is used to define the boundary conditions. The CO with the STARBC command displays each boundary condition by region (software graphics only).

STARMATS material_# type ;
where type can be
FLUID
SOLID
BAFFLE

In the part phase use:

STARBC i1 j1 k1 i2 j2 k2 region_id radiation_id type
where type can be
INLET
OUTLET
SYMPLANE
WALL
CYCLIC
STAGNATION
PRESSURE
BAFFLE
FREESTREAM
TRANSIENT
ATTACH
RADIATION
DEGAS
RIEMANN
INTERNAL
NPRESSURE

STARBCI i_list; j_list; k_list; region_id radiation_id type
where type can be
INLET
OUTLET
SYMPLANE
WALL
CYCLIC
STAGNATION
PRESSURE
BAFFLE
FREESTREAM
TRANSIENT
ATTACH
RADIATION
DEGAS
RIEMANN
INTERNAL
NPRESSURE
NRSTAGNATION

In merge phase use:

STARBC FSET set_name region_id radiation_id type
where type can be
INLET
OUTLET
SYMPLANE
WALL
CYCLIC
STAGNATION
PRESSURE
BAFFLE
FREESTREAM
TRANSIENT
ATTACH
RADIATION
DEGAS
RIEMANN
INTERNAL
NPRESSURE
NRSTAGNATION

CO STARS region_id

29. The CO has a new option FBC to display Fluent boundary conditions. This is done by zone number and is only available in software graphics.

30. A new command CD has been added. The CD enables us to set a new current directory other than the default working directory initially set by TG User Prefernces window. The directory set by CD becomes the directory for the input/output files such as IGES files, INCLUDE, SAVEPART, EDGEFILES, POSTSCRIPT, trugrdo/MOF. However, tsave file is not affected by the CD command and it is still saved in the default working directory of TG User Preferences window.

cd new_directory_name

31. A new command PWD has been added to check current directory.

pwd (no arguments)

32. The KIVA command selects the KIVA 4 output option. In the merge phase, use the WRITE command to write the kiva4grid file. Use material numbers 10 for squish, 11 for bowl, 14 for dome, and 20, 30, 40, and 50 for the cells forming the ports. Material number 1 is the default material in TrueGrid and it will be interpreted as squish. Material 2 will be interpreted as inactive. Use the KIVABC command to set face types, except for periodic conditions. Use the BB and TRBB with the KIVA periodic options to impose periodic boundary conditions and face types. The nodes of a master block boundary interface will appear first in the list of paired periodic vertices. The default face type is fluid.

The BB and TRBB commands have two new options associated with the KIVA periodic condition. They are:

PERIODF for KIVA periodic front face
PERIODP for KIVA periodic derriere face

There are two new commands supporting the selection of face types in the part phase:

KIVABC i1 j1 k1 i2 j2 k2 region_id radiation_id type
where type can be
MOVING for moving piston
MOVINGB1 for moving bottom face of 1st valve
MOVINGT1 for moving top face of 1st valve
MOVINGB2 for moving bottom face of 2nd valve
MOVINGT2 for moving top face of 2nd valve
MOVINGB3 for moving bottom face of 3rd valve
MOVINGT3 for moving top face of 3rd valve
MOVINGB4 for moving bottom face of 4th valve
MOVINGT4 for moving top face of 4th valve
SOLID for a face of a solid
SOLIDH for a solid face of a cylinder head
AXIS for a face on the axis
FLUID for a fluid face (default)
INFLOW for an inlet
OUTFLOW for an outlet
PRESIN for pressure inflow
PRESOUT for pressure outflow
KIVABCI i_list; j_list; k_list; region_id radiation_id type
where type can be
MOVING for moving piston
MOVINGB1 for moving bottom face of 1st valve
MOVINGT1 for moving top face of 1st valve
MOVINGB2 for moving bottom face of 2nd valve
MOVINGT2 for moving top face of 2nd valve
MOVINGB3 for moving bottom face of 3rd valve
MOVINGT3 for moving top face of 3rd valve
MOVINGB4 for moving bottom face of 4th valve
MOVINGT4 for moving top face of 4th valve
SOLID for a face of a solid
SOLIDH for a solid face of a cylinder head
AXIS for a face on the axis
FLUID for a fluid face (default)
INFLOW for an inlet
OUTFLOW for an outlet
PRESIN for pressure inflow
PRESOUT for pressure outflow

There is a new command supporting the selection of face types in the merge phase:

KIVABC FSET set_name type
where type can be
MOVING for moving piston
MOVINGB1 for moving bottom face of 1st valve
MOVINGT1 for moving top face of 1st valve
MOVINGB2 for moving bottom face of 2nd valve
MOVINGT2 for moving top face of 2nd valve
MOVINGB3 for moving bottom face of 3rd valve
MOVINGT3 for moving top face of 3rd valve
MOVINGB4 for moving bottom face of 4th valve
MOVINGT4 for moving top face of 4th valve
SOLID for a face of a solid
SOLIDH for a solid face of a cylinder head
AXIS for a face on the axis
FLUID for a fluid face (default)
INFLOW for an inlet
OUTFLOW for an outlet
PRESIN for pressure inflow
PRESOUT for pressure outflow

The merge phase CO or CONDITIONS command to view the different
boundary conditions has a new option suporting KIVA:

KIVABC type
where type can be
MOVING for moving piston
MOVINGB1 for moving bottom face of 1st valve
MOVINGT1 for moving top face of 1st valve
MOVINGB2 for moving bottom face of 2nd valve
MOVINGT2 for moving top face of 2nd valve
MOVINGB3 for moving bottom face of 3rd valve
MOVINGT3 for moving top face of 3rd valve
MOVINGB4 for moving bottom face of 4th valve
MOVINGT4 for moving top face of 4th valve
SOLID for a face of a solid
SOLIDH for a solid face of a cylinder head
AXIS for a face on the axis
FLUID for a fluid face (default)
PERIODF for the periodic front
PERIODD for the periodic derriere
INFLOW for an inlet
OUTFLOW for an outlet
PRESIN for pressure inflow
PRESOUT for pressure outflow

33. The ABAQUS BEAM SECTION card is generated a little diferently. The orientation vector was always orthogonal to the beams that it was applied to which caused too many BEAM SECTION cards to be generated. Now, the direction vector is not changed so that it may contain a component of the tangent vector to the beam element. This can dramatically reduce the number of BEAM SECTION cards.

34. An updated output option for CFX5 has been added. This is unstructured and can be selected for output anytime. Use the new CFXBC in the part or merge phase to label boundaries. Use the new CFXSD in the merge phase to label subdomains. The CONDITION (CO) in the merge phase to can be used to view these properties.

CFX5 (no arguments) specifies an ASCII format
CFX5a (no arguments) specifies an ASCII format
CFX5b (no arguments) specifies a binary format

In the part phase:

CFXBC i1 j1 k1 i2 j2 k2 name
CFXBCI i_list; j_list; k_list; name

In the merge phase:

CFXSD element_set_name label
CFXBC FSET face_set_name label

35. When a part is replicated using the lrep, grep, or lev commands, all of the loads are also replicated. The default is to replicate the load in the global coordinate system. If, for example, there is a fixed displacement, the corresponding nodes in each replication have the same displacement as if the displacement were specified in the global coordinate system. If the part is rotated or reflected, the load vector is not.

There is a new command, LCRTGL that can cause the vector loads to be rotated or reflected along with the replicated part. This new command applies to the following commands that define loads in the part phase. It applies to all loads of the type below within that part. It is an internal variable and continues in effect until this command is issue with a different option.

fc, fci, fcc, fcci, fcs, fcsi - fixed force
fd, fdi, fdc, fdci, fds, fdsi - fixed displacements
fv, fvi, fvc, fvci, fvs, fvsi - fixed velocity
fvv, fvvi, fvvc, fvvci, fvvs, fvvsi - fixed velocity
acc, acci, accc, accci, accs, accsi - fixed velocity
vacc, vacci, vaccc, vaccci, vaccs, vaccsi - fixed velocity
ve, vei - initial velocities
dis, disi - initial displacements

36. The length of input file name has been increased to 256 from 80 characters.

37. The method of commenting out a section of commands or text from an input file using the { and } characters has been changed. The pair can now be embedded. TrueGrid counts the number of embeddings so that a larger section can be commented out, even when a subsection is already commented out. For example:

command 1 command 2
{
command 3
}
command 4
command 5


comments out command 3, while


command 1
{
command 2
{
command 3
}
command 4
}
command 5

comments out commands 2, 3, and 4.

38. A bug was fixed in the NEUTRAL file output. Quadratic shell elements can now be written to this format.

39. A bug was fixed in the transitions using the TRBB command for an obscure case when using quadratic elements with a 2-way transition.

40. A bug was fixed with the interpolation of the quadratic nodes (intermediate nodes) of quuadratic shells and quadratic bricks.

41. A bug was fixed that only appeared when the following things were done in order in batch mode only:

1. quadratic elements
2. delete a region of a block part
3. insert a partition in the same part
4. deactivate the delete command above

42. A bug was fixed in the Hermite surface type.

42. A bug in the fast rotation (left mouse+shift key) was fixed. It happened when zoomed a lot and it was using very small angle for rotation.

43. A new option has been added to the TG preference window. The option is "Allow Mixed Drawing with Windows-specific GDI". Since the fonts Windows provides are more efficient than the OpenGL font, TrueGrid is using fonts from Windows in OpenGL window. But the mixed drawing may have some undesirable effects on some machines such as black text window with no menus displayed. In this case, user should uncheck the option to force TrueGrid to use the fonts that OpenGL provides.

44. Attachment to 3D curves and surface edges is now more accurate when a nodal distribution using res, drs, as, das, or ndl is also applied across multiple edges.

45. The diagnostic "labels fraces" now includes shells so that if a shell is to be merged to a solid, node for node, the failure to merge the required nodes will be detected.

This is almost true for the diagnostic "labels cracks". If a shell element is sandwiched between two bricks and the bricks do not form a crack, then no crack will be found, event if some of the nodes in the shell have not merged with the bricks.

Therefore, use the "labels fraces" when trying to detect unmerged nodes between embedded shells and bricks.

46. The TRBB command has been improved in three ways. The interface between two different types of transitions has been improved so that they match, node for node, and easily merge together in the merge phase. In some of the transitions between blocks, extra nodes were being generated that were not attached to anything. These nodes are no longer being generated.

The third improvement can be explained by defining the following new command:

PRTRND toggle
where toggle can be
on to project transition nodes to sufaces
off to not project transition nodes to surfaces

The default is off.

A transition node is an intermediate node in a transition block. The transition block is the region were the transition from coarse to fine or fine to coarse mesh is located. This is always on the slave side of a transition interface. In the past, these intermediate nodes were not projected. They were interpolated from the position of the surrounding nodes. This is the reason that the default for PRTRND is off, so that old models will generate as they did before this improvement.

Care must be taken when using this feature when there are several parts or regions on the slave side of the transition (such as bricks and embedded shells), so that all slave parts or regions involved in the transition have the appropriate faces projected. If only some of the faces are projected to surfaces, then the nodes may not merge properly.

47. The LS-DYNA keyword format has been modified.
The *ELEMENT_SHELL_THICKNESS is used only when thicknesses are actually specified. Otherwise, the *ELEMENT_SHELL command is used.

48. There was a bug related to tsave file. TrueGrid ended without saving the session with no warning if the tsave file in the working directory did not have the write permission. Now TrueGrid will end with warning message related to the permission. This fix also applies to the output files such as trugrdo, trugrdo.#### etc.

49. The *CONTROL cards for LS-DYNA have been modified and in some cases fixed. For some computers, it was possible that if some parameters for a *CONTROL card were set, the unset parameters would appear as an asterisk. This has been fixed. All of the *CONTROL cards are set using the lsdyopts command. Below are the improvements or changes made to the lsdyopts command:

INN must be followed by a flag where 1 means off, 2 means on for shells, 3 means on for solids, and 4 means on for shells and solids.

50. The LSDYOPTS command to set analysis options for LS-DYNA has a new feature that supports spring back.

SPBK options ;
where an option can be
OPT1 type
where type can be
LSDYNA
NASTRAN
SEAMLESS
OPT2 thic
where thic can be
THICKNESS
NOTHICKNESS
MTS material_list ;
NSHV n
FTYPE file_type
where the file type can be
0 for ASCII
1 for binary
2 for ASCII and binary
ND1 node_# constrains ;
ND2 node_# constrains ;
ND3 node_# constrains ;
ND4 node_# constrains ;
where a constraint can be
DX to constrain in the x-direction
DY to constrain in the y-direction
DZ to constrain in the z-direction
RX to constrain in the x-rotation
RY to constrain in the y-rotation
RZ to constrain in the z-rotation

51. There was a bug related to the display of coordinates of a surface point on the environment window after picking the label for a surface point. This was due to the character '_' in the surface name.

52. A bug in writing LS-DYNA *DAMPING options is fixed. They were exclusive each other.

53. A new file called 'tghist' will be created when TG starts. At the end of each part, all commands issued in the part will be written into the file with the same format used for the history table.

54. The SD (Surface Definition command) options nrbs (for a NURBS surface) and bsps (for a B-Spline) had a bug when the normal transformation (Normal offset). This bug has been fixed.

55. The SD option HERMITE has a new option in the transformation section. A normal offset can be applied to the surface using the NORMAL keyword followed by the offset amount.

56. A bug was fixed that was creating extra beam elements across a deleted region when one of the following conditions held:

1. ibm or ibmi used on a deleted region of 1 element width in the i-direction.
2. jbm or jbmi used on a deleted region of 1 element width in the j-direction.
3. kbm or kbmi used on a deleted region of 1 element width in the k-direction.

57. A bug in the jt option of the beam part was fixed. This occurred if more than 10 jt commands were issued within one beam part. The limit is now 100 and the bug has been removed.

58. Parameters are available inside Verbatim.

59. The cdinfo command includes the length of the 3D curves. The ldinfo command includes the length of the 2D curves.

60. Options for LCD have been added to the FLCD command.

FLCD ld_curve_# options_1 options_2 ;
where an option_1 can be any set of
SIDR type
where type can be:
0 for transient analysis or other
1 for stress initialization only
2 for stress initialization and transient analysis
SFA abscissa_scale_factor
SFO ordinate_scale_factor
OFFA abscissa_offset
OFFO ordinate_offset
DATTYP type
where type can be
0 for monotonic abscissa
1 for non-monotonic abscissa
where an option_2 can be any of the following:
TINIT initial_time
TSCA time_scale
TOFF time_offset
FINIT initial_load
FSCA load_scale
FOFF load_offset
LP t1 f1 t2 f2 ... tn fn ;
PHASE angle
SINE #_points #_cycles_per_time length_time
COSINE #_points #_cycles_per_time length_time

61. A bug saving a curve in closed form using COEDG command was fixed.

62. A new window to create a composite surface interactively has been implemented with limited capability. The command is COSURF and it is under SURFACE menu. This window is meant to be used to make one composite surface when there are many surfaces, such as a large model from an IGES file. When the ACCEPT button in the popup window is pressed, it produces SD command with the SDS option followed by the surface numbers listed in the window.

63. A couple of bugs in LSDYNA *DATABASE were fixed.

(1) *DATABASE_NODAL_FORCE_GROUP now can take up to 10 Nodal set IDs.
(2) *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE
(a) *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE_ID was not written when ID for a cross section was selected as an option.
(b) ITYPE which is last variable for the 2nd card of the PLANE option was not written properly.
(3) *DATABASE_FSI
The values that SID could get were 1, 2, or 3.
This was wrong and SID can have any ID.

64. A new command, LMSEQ, has been added which allows the user to easily change the number of elements between 2 consecutive partitions.

65. A new volume definition option, NSD, has been added to create a volume which does not form an envelope around the edge of a finite surface (e.g. trimmed IGES surface).

66. The material parameters IHYPER (Deformation gradient flag) and IEOS, (Equation of state flag) has been added to the LSDYNA *MAT_USER_DEFINED_MATERIAL_MODEL (material types 41 through 50). The problem with the IORTHO flag has also been fixed in the same material model.

67. The LPIL option for the LD command (which calculates the intersection of 2 2D curves) now places the intersection coordinates into the parameters %xprj (containing the x'-coordinate) and both %yprj and %zprj (containing the z'-coordinate).

68. Six new parameters are automatically redefined when the graphical box is recalcullated using the rest or restore command. These parameters are:

%XBOXMIN - minimum x-coordinate of the containing box
%YBOXMIN - minimum y-coordinate of the containing box
%ZBOXMIN - minimum z-coordinate of the containing box
%XBOXMAX - minimum x-coordinate of the containing box
%YBOXMAX - minimum y-coordinate of the containing box
%ZBOXMAX - minimum z-coordinate of the containing box

These para,meters are set even in a nogui (no graphical user interface) mode.

Typically, one would choose a set of objects to be displayed (even in nogui mode), then use the rest or restore.

69. Beam elements that are members of an element set which then are assigned to be element print blocks using the EPB command in the merge phase will be included in the output as such.

70. The LS-DYNA format for materials always included an associated *HOURGLASS card. This has been changed so that a *HOURGLASS card is created for a material only when an hourglass parameter (HGQT, BQQ, HGQ, BQL, or BGT) for a material is specified.

71. The new VIGQ command sets the integration rule for diagnostics. It can be 1 or 2.

72. The PRESCRIBED VELOCITY/ACCELERATION/DISPLACEMENT commands (fd, fv, acc and frb) in LS-DYNA now allow superimposing of precribe conditions at a node. A warning is displayed for over-prescribed nodes.

73. The PRESCRIBED VELOCITIES AND ACCELERATIONS commands (fv, acc and frb) in LLNL DYNA3D now allow superimposing of precribe conditions at a node. A warning is displayed for over-prescribed nodes.

74. The Rigid material for LS-DYNA in the LSDYMATS command has new options to specify inertia properties. They are:

XC x for x-coordinate of center of mass for inertia
YC y for y-coordinate of center of mass for inertia
ZC z for z-coordinate of center of mass for inertia
TM mass for translational mass for inertia
NODEID node_# for CG nodal point for inertia
IXX xx for xx component of inertia tensor
IXY xy for xy component of inertia tensor
IXZ xz for xz component of inertia tensor
IYY yy for yy component of inertia tensor
IYZ yz for yz component of inertia tensor
IZZ zz for zz component of inertia tensor
VTX x for initial x-translational velocity for inertia
VTY y for initial y-translational velocity for inertia
VTZ z for initial z-translational velocity for inertia
VRX x for initial x-rotational velocity for inertia
VRY y for initial y-rotational velocity for inertia
VRZ z for initial z-rotational velocity for inertia
IRCS flag for coordinate system flag for inertia
where flag can be
0 global inertia tensor
1 local inertia tensor
XL x for x-coordinate of local axis of local inertia tensor
YL y for y-coordinate of local axis of local inertia tensor
ZL z for z-coordinate of local axis of local inertia tensor
XLIP x for x-component of vector in local xy plane of local inertia tensor
YLIP y for y-component of vector in local xy plane of local inertia tensor
ZLIP z for z-component of vector in local xy plane of local inertia tensor
CID system_# for local coordinate system ID of local inertia tensor

75. A number of new features have been added to support the SPH element type for LS-DYNA. The new command SPARTICLE will transform any brick elements into Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic elements. To continue using linear or quadradtic bricks, issue the LINEAR or QUADRATIC command.

When defining the material for these elements, choose the SPH element type. There are additional parameters associated with the SPH section properties. They are:

CSLH constant for Smoothing length constant
HMIN min for Minimum smoothing length factor
HMAX max for Maximum smoothing length factor
SPHINI length for Initial smoothing length
SPHDEATH time for Stopping time for SPH
SPHSTART time for Starting time for SPH
HXCSLH length for Smoothing length constant in X
HYCSLH length for Smoothing length constant in Y
HZCSLH length for Smoothing length constant in Z
HXINI length for Initial smoothing length in X
HYINI length for Initial smoothing length in Y
HZINI length for Initial smoothing length in Z
SPHUSER for User option

Be sure to specify the material density when defining this material. It is needed to complete the SPH elements.

The PLANE command now has a new option for the SPH symmetry plane.

The VD command has a new option to form a SPH box with:

SPHBOX xmin ymin zmin xmax ymax zmax option ;
where option can be
MOTION xn yn yz load_curve_# flag
where flag can be
0 for velocity
1 for displacement

Additional parameters are added to the SPH Controlsi under the LSDYOPTS command. These new options are:

SPHMEM #_neighbors
SPHFORM flag
where flag can be
0 for default formulation
1 for renormalization approximation
2 for symmetric formulation
3 for symmetric reformulation
4 for tensor formulation
5 for fluid particle formulation
6 for fluid particle w/ renormalization
SPHSTART time
SPHMAXV velocity
SPHCONT flag
where flag can be
0 for particle approximation is defined
1 for particle approximation is not calculated
SPHDERIV type
where type can be
0 for default
1 fpr cubic root formula
SPHINI flag
where flag can be
0 for bucket sort based algorithm
1 for global computation

A new option is available with the ETD command to control the element types being drawn in the picture. The SPH option can activate or deactivate graphics for SPH elements.

The CO or CONDITION command has a new option, SPH, which labels the SPH element with their numbers.

76. A bug was fixed involving a 2D curved extrusion being transformed (SD * CP ? tran ;). This bug was not evident unless a transformation was used.

77. A bug was fixed regarding the intra-block boundary. If the corner vertices of the slave side were rotated approximatly 90 degrees and if the number of elements along one edge was a multiple (greater than 1) of the number of elements along an adjacent edge of the slave side, then a number of problems could appear. This can no longer happen. If these conditions occur, a warning message is issued and no action is taken reguarding this intra-block boundary interface.

78. A bug was fixed regarding the FD, ACC, FV, and FA commands in the part phase. If any fixed displacement (FD), fixed acceleration (ACC), fixed velocity (FV), or fixed angular displacement (FA) was set in the merge phase, then previous loads of the same type applied to the same node would have been eliminated. This no longer happens. Instead, depending on the output option, they will be eliminated only if they conflict in both load curve/set ID and the Degree-Of-Freedom.

79. A bug was fixed in the UNIFRM and UNIFRMI which occurred if a node was connected only to elements or faces that had degenerated to a point.

80. A bug related to the immediate execution mode for a command was fixed. A command with no argument issued from the menu was not executed immediately when it was clicked by the middle mouse button. Instead, it opened dialog window for the command.

81. A bug was fixed regarding the default set for the ADD button in the environment window. The status of the button was set as active in part phase. The state should be active only when the REGION button of the Display List panel was pressed.

82. A bug was fixed involving the perspective angle for the computational window. The perspective angle was not set properly by the ANGLE command.

83. A bug was fixed regarding the moving of a point in the Point List Window. This happened when the coordinate system is cylindrical.

84. There was a bug in cylindrical part while doing the projecting a point onto a surface, a surface edge, or a curve when the coordinates option of the pick panel of the environment is local. The mark(+) for the selection was not drawn properly.

85. The JWLB Equation of State (lsdyeos 13) was added to the LSDYEOS command. The options are:

a1 coefficient
a2 coefficient
a3 coefficient
a4 coefficient
a5 coefficient
r1 coefficient
r2 coefficient
r3 coefficient
r4 coefficient
r5 coefficient
al1 coefficient
al2 coefficient
al3 coefficient
al4 coefficient
al5 coefficient
bl1 coefficient
bl2 coefficient
bl3 coefficient
bl4 coefficient
bl5 coefficient
rl1 coefficient
rl2 coefficient
rl3 coefficient
rl4 coefficient
rl5 coefficient
c0 coefficient
omega coefficient
e0 coefficient
v0 coefficient

86. A bug related to the moving a point of shell element was fixed. TrueGrid did not work properly after zooming the view while the thickness in viewing direction is zero.

87. A intra-part BB (block boundary interface) bug was fixed when the master and slave were not the same size, but the slave was a larger multiple of the master side. This cause almost unpredictable distortions in the block boundary interfaces or a crash.

88. The LS-DYNA output for x-, y-, and z-translational degrees of freedom set with the FD, FDI, FDC, FDCI, FDS, FDSI, ACC, ACCI, ACCC, ACCCI, ACCS, ACCSI, FV, FVI, FVC, FVCI, FVS, and FVSI commands now reflects the magnitude of the displacement direction vector. This is done by multiplying the load curve scale factor (SF) by the non-zero component of the displacement direction vector.

89. A bug was fixed for the ABAQUS sliding or contact surface. The name of the faces now starts with the letter S.

90. The fn and fni commands used to form tied nodes with failure for LS-DYNA have been extended so that the elements selected can be both linear shells and bricks. This will produce the *CONSTRAINED_TIED_NODES_FAILURE cards.

91. The ajnp (ADjacent Node Point), which finds the closest node to a give point, has an added feature. After this command has been issued, the parameters xprj, yprj, and zprj will contain the nodal coordinates of the closest node.

The new sajnp command is a silent version of ajnp.

SAJNP x y z

The new NODCOR command gets the coordinates of a node in the merge phase. The coordinates are written to the svreen and placed in the parameters xprj, yprj, and zprj.

NODCOR 1234

The new SNODCOR command is the silent version of NODCOR.

SNODCOR 1234

92. The INFO command in the merge phase now reports the number of elements by type. The types are:

linear quad shell
linear triangular shell
linear degenerate shell
linear 8 node hexahedron
linear 6 node wedge
linear 5 node pyramid
linear 4 node tetrahedron
linear degenerate brick
quadratic quad shell
quadratic triangular shell
quadratic degenerate shell
quadratic 20 node hexahedron
quadratic 15 node wedge
quadratic 13 node pyramid
quadratic 10 node tetrahedron
quadratic degenerate brick

93. A bug was fixed in the IGES and related commands. This bug occurred when a trimmed surface was flawed and the untrimmed surface was used in its place. If the accuracy was set to a number at least 2, the TrueGrid would crash. If an accuracy of 2 or greater is being used with an IGES binary file, the IGES binary file must be remade.

94. A bug was fixed with the intra-part BB command. There were some cases where interpolation near the slave side of an intra-part BB interface was done incorrectly.

95. A bug was fixed related to picking nodes in cylindrical coordinate system. Pick Node in part phase was not working for the nodes of the previous parts and block blondaries when the coordinate system is cylindrical. Not only the node selected was not properly marked but also the coordinates display in the environment window was wrong.

96. The parameter %PI has the best value for the constant PI. This parameter can be used in any expression.

97. A bug was fixed in the Intra-part BB for Quadratic brick elements.

98. There were two bugs in the history window related to the length of a command.
(a) Dialog box was not retrieved properly from the histroy window when the argument of a command was very long.
(b) Highlighting a region from history window was not working at all when the progressiong was very long.

99. The accuracy of rotations of geometry and mesh when using transformations in the 64-bit versions of Truegrid have been improved.

100. A bug was fixed for the intp option of the sd command. In some types of polygons surfaces, the interpolation would fail.

101. New contact features were added to support the ABSQUS output option. These new features will produce the *SURFACE_INTERACTION and *CONTACT_CONTROLS cards. The parameters for these cards are selected by using the SID command with some of the following options.

STS options; for ABAQUS Standard Surface to Surface
NTS options; for ABAQUS Standard Node to Surface
STSE options; for ABAQUS Explicit Surface to Surface
NTSE options; for ABAQUS Explicit Node to Surface
where an option can be
ADJUST label to Adjust Initial Positions of Surfaces
EXZONE fraction for Extension Zone
HCRIT distance for Slave Surface Penetration
NOTHICK for No Thickness
SMALLS for Small Sliding
SMOOTH degree for Degree of Smoothing
TIED for Tied Surfaces
SORIENT name for Slave Orientation Name
MORIENT namea for Master Orientation Name
CONST type for Mechanical Constraint
where type can be
1 for Kinematic
2 for Penalty
DOP for OP=DELETE
WEIGHT factor for Weighting Factor
PAD thickness for Pad Thickness
OUTPLA thickness for Out Of Plane Thickness
APT tol for Absolute Penetration Tolerance
RPT tol for Relative Penetration Tolerance
APPROACH
ATOLNC for Automatic Tolerance
ONSETFRC timing for Friction Onset
where timing can be
IMMEDIATE
DELAYED
LAGMULT ans for Lagrangian Multiplier
where ans can be
YES
NO
MAXCHP #_points for Maximum Number of Points
PERRMX stress for Maximum Tensile Stress
RESET to Reset All Contact Controls
SLDIST distance for Slide Distance
STABLIZE peram with Rigid Body Modes
where param can be
NONE
coefficient
STFSCAL factor for Stiffness Scale Factor
TANGENTF fraction for Tangent Fraction fpr Damping
UERRMX distance for Maximum Overclosure Distance
FRDAMP friction for Remaining Fractin of Damping
CLDAMP clearance for Dampng Clearance
NFLTRK for No Fast Local Tracking
GTRKI for Global Tracking Increment
SPEN factor for Scale Penalty
WCP #_increments for Warp Check Period
WCO angle for Warp Cut Off

102. The sdedge option for labels now applies also to the fill graphics. This option dislays the labels for edges of the visible surfaces.

103. There were bugs in COEDG.
(a) When there is no more edge to select at "yes" button, it still finds wrong edges based on the previous edge selection. Also, sometimes it puts 0s for the surface and edge numbers.
(b) Append to the previous curve was not working.

104. "SET SCOLOR srf# red green blue" is now applies also to the Fast Gr. mode graphics.

105. There was a shading bug in the part phase Fast Gr. mode when mesh contains collapsed blocks. It was due to the error in normals of vertices of a region that was collapsed.

106. When a 3D curve from an IGES file was saved and restored from a IGES binary file (see saveiges and useiges), the order of the points approximating the 3D curve were reversed. This has been fixed.

107. A bug in the drawing of labels (fraces/cracks) in the Fast Gr. mode has been fixed.

108. Fill mode drawing of ELM in part phase was not working properly when previous parts were in the picture.

109. A bug was fixed in the tf and tfi commands for volumes with quadratic elements.

110. A new feature in the generation of the 2nd order nodes for quadratic elements has been added. If a boundary 2nd order node of an interpolation deviates from the line along the element edge containing that node, then this deviation will effect the interior 2nd order nodes of the interpolation. In most cases this will have only a small or no effect. It is pronounced only when the 2nd order node is capturing extreme curvature in the geometry.

111. A bug was fixed for the cp option of the sd command. This is a 2D curve extruded or lofted to form a surface. The bug involved scale factors in the transformation.

112. The ABAQUS output option nows allows for up to 1 billion nodes. Also, the ndigits command control the number of digits writen after the decimal point for the coordinates of the mesh. It can be between 5 and 13, although numbers as large as 13 do not make sense on a 32 bit processor. On a 32 bit system, 6 is about as large as can be useful.

113. A bug was fixed for graphics involving quadratic elements. When the rotate, move, zoom, or frame was used, it may have moved the object out of the picture. This would not happen if there was any geometry in the picture.

114. A new ABAQUS STEP option (abaqstep) sets the restart write parameters.

REWFREQ increment for the frequency of a restart file
REWNI #_intervals for the number of intervals for a restart file
REWTM for no time marks - write the restart at the end
REWOV for overlaying each restart file

115. A bug was fixed in the fset command in the merge phase for the IBM UNIC system running in 64 bit precision. It now wprks instead of reporting a sytax error.

116. Two bugs were fixed w.r.t. sets for ANSYS. The CM command now is positioned properly to name the set. Also, the ANSYS ESEL card now has the proper item label.

117. ANSYS contact surfaces have been added. The sid command is used to select either node-to-surface or surface-to-surface type of contact. Both keyopts and real parameters are also selected for the two sides of the interface. Then the si and sii commands can be used to identify the target (slave side) and the contact (master side).

SID slide_# type parameters ;
where type can be
ANNTS for node-to-surface
ANSTS for surface-to-surface
where a parameter can be
ANCDOF key contact keyopt 1 DOF
ANCCA key contact keyopt 2 Contact Algorithm
ANCLCP key contact keyopt 4 Location of contact point
ANCCIAA key contact keyopt 5 CNOF/ICONT automated adjustment
ANCCSV key contact keyopt 6 Contact stiffness variation
ANCELTIC key contact keyopt 7 Element level time increment control
ANCACS key contact keyopt 8 Asymmetric contact selection
ANCEIP key contact keyopt 9 Effect of initial penetration
ANCCSU key contact keyopt 10 Contact stiffness update
ANCSTE key contact keyopt 11 Shell thickness effect
ANCBCS key contact keyopt 12 Behavior of Contact surface
ANCCM key contact keyopt 3 Contact model
ANCCMD key contact keyopt 4 Contact normal direction
ANTBCS key target keyopt 3 Behavior of contact surface
ANTMPC key target keyopt 5 Multipoint constraints
ANCFKN value FKN Normal penalty factor
ANCFTOLN value FTOLN Penalty tolerance factor
ANCICONT value ICONT Initial contacy closure
ANCPINB value PINB pinball region
ANCPMAX value PMAX Upper limit of initial allowable penetration
ANCPMIN value PMIN Lower limit of initial allowable penetration
ANCTMX value TAUMAX Maximum friction stress
ANCCNOF value CNOF Contact surface offset
ANCFKOP value FKOP Contact opening stiffness or contact damping
ANCFKT value FKT Tangent penalty stiffness factor
ANCCOHE value COHE Contact cohesion
ANCTCC value TCC Thermal contact conductance
ANCFHTG value FHTG Frictional heating factor
ANCSBCT value SBCT Stefan-Boltzmann constant
ANCRDVF value RDVF Radiation vew factor
ANCFWTG value FWTG Heat distribution weighing factor
ANCECC value ECC Electric contact conductance
ANCFHEG value FHEG Joule dissipation weight factor
ANCFACT value FACT Static/dynamic ratio
ANCDC value DC Exponent decay coefficient
ANCSLTO value SLTO Allowable elastic slip
ANCTNOP value TNOP Maximum allowable tensile contact pressure
ANCTOLS value TOLS Target edge extension factor
ANCMCC value MCC Magnetic contact permeance

118. LLNL DYNA3D and LS-DYNA output for DISPLACEMENT/VELOCITY/ACCELERATION prescribed boundary conditions have been modified to handle vectors about and along the x, y, and z axis which are not the canonical unit vectors. This is done by multipying the magnitude by the non-zero vector component.

119. A memory bug was fixed that rarely affected large problems and the effect was almost ramdom. It first showed up in the new MESHSCAL command. But also could have affected load curves (lcd command), ABAQUS steps (abaqstep command), the display of element print blocks (co epb command), the display of volumetric heat generators (co vhg command), the conversion of a single block part to multiple parts for block structured fluid output, high precision 2D curves with gaps between components, block boundary interfaces (bb commands), or the selection of a region for display (arg, argi, darg, darged, rg, rgi, rrg, rrgi comands or equivalent selection from the display list regions). If this problem occurred, it would not have gone unnoticed because of its severity. The occurance of the bug is so rare, that it never occurred in all of the tests at XYZ in 17 years.

120. The HFL command now generates the F card for ANSYS.

121. The UNIFM command would smooth an interior node of a volume if that node was on a block boundary interface. This has been corrected.

122. A bug in the Set Editing window was fixed. It did not clear previous selections in the physical window at the opening of an empty set.

123. The new command ARRAY defines a multi-dimensional floating point array. One has the option to data load this array. It is treated as a parameter. To use an element in this array, precede the array name with a % sign as is done with parameters.

ARRAY name(d1,d2,...) data ;
where there can be up to 20 dimensions and
where data is optional, one broadcast, or all elememts

For example:

array height(2,3) 1 1.2 2 2.3 3 3.4;
array switches(2,2,2,2,2,2) 0;
array biggest(3);

When the full set of values are listed after the array definition, the values are ordered with a left index moving faster, following the FORTRAN convention, not the C convention.

These array parameters can be used in the desk calculator (DC), in the assignment of a scalar value to one element in the array at a time in the PARA command, in expressions that are enclosed in the square brackets "[...]", in a numbered comment using the comment command, as operands in the IF, ELSEIF, and WHILE control statements, in the formation of a function using the DEF command, and in the equations in the part phase (X=, Y=, Z=, T1=, T2=, and T3=).

For example (assumed to be in the part phase):

dc %height(2,2)/sqrt(2)
para switches(1,1,2,2,1,1) [%height(%l,%h)/10];
pb 1 2 3 1 2 3 x %biggest(1)
if(%biggest(2).lt.2.0)then
x=x+%height(i,j)
endif

Three automatic arrays are available on the part phase. They are

IDXLIST - one dimensional array with the full i-indices of the part
JDXLIST - one dimensional array with the full j-indices of the part
KDXLIST - one dimensional array with the full k-indices of the part

The same rules apply to these as to other arrays except they are only available in the part phase and they cannot be set using the PARA command. Three new scalar automatic parameters have also been added. They are:

MAXRUDI - maximum reduced i-index
MAXRUDJ - maximum reduced j-index
MAXRUDK - maximum reduced k-index

These are also only available in the part phase.

For example:

if(%idxlist(%maxrudi).gt.100)then

124. A bug was fixed in the output to Fluent. This problem occured when there was a large model, causing a request for more memory than what was available and terminating TrueGrid.

125. A bug was fixed with experssions. In some cases, when an integer was the result of an expression, truncation errors would produce a number just smalled than the expected integer. Unusally, TrueGrid would compensate for the slightly smaller number and round it up to the very close integer. In some cases, this was not being done. This has been corrected. One can always be sure by using the nint() inline function when calculating a number that should be an integer, avoiding any possible truncation error in the evaluation of an expression.

126. When a quadratic brick is formed in the part phase, if the coordintes in one of three directions are inverted, the element will show a negative volume and Jacobian in the mea and meai commands. However, now they will show as positive volume and posiitive Jacobian once in the merge phase.

127. On Windows system, an improvement was made related to the space in the file name including the path. Now, TG can run by selecting the TG icon whether there are spaces in the file name including the path.

128. New hourglass stabilizaton methods have been added to the DYNAOPTS IHQ options for LLNL DYNA3D output. They are
6 for selective-reduced 8-point hexahedral element (B-bar);
7 for physical stabilization (1, 40, 56 & 62 only);
8 for total displacement physical stabilization
(2, 7, 21, 23, 27, 31, 43, 46, 60 & 63 only);
9 for physical stabilization - exact volume (1, 40, 56 & 62 only);
10 for total displacement physical stabilization - exact volume
(2, 7, 21, 23, 27, 31, 43, 46, 60 & 63 only);
12 for fully integrated, 8-pt. hexahedral element;
and 13 for viscous form type 2 and stiffness form type 3 (shells only).

129. New default shell element forumulation have been added to the DYNAOPTS SFOR option for LLNL DYNA3d output. They are YASEFI for YASE Shell with full in-plane integration; BDFI for Bathe-Dvorkin (fully integrated); and BTSRI for Belytschko-Lin-Tsay Shell with selective-reduced integration.

130. New shell element forumulation if other than default have been added to the DYNAMATS ELFOR SHELL option for LLNL DYNA3d output. They are
YASEFI for YASE Shell with full in-plane integration;
BDFI for Bathe-Dvorkin (fully integrated);
and BTSRI for Belytschko-Lin-Tsay Shell with selective-reduced integration.

131. In the DYNAMATS command, material axes option (option 4) has been added to the AOPT option for locally orthotropic with cylindrical material axes determined by a point, located on the axis of revolution, and the vector, which parallels axis of revolution. The LLNL DYNA3D material types affected are types 2 (Orthotropic Elastic), 21 (Thermal Orthotropic Elastic), and 23 (Thermal Orthotropic Elastic with Variable Properties).

132. Two new LLNL DYNA3D equations of state (DYNAEOS) have been added. The are 13. Ignition and Growth of Reaction in HE 3-Term with parameters
R1 for lin coef of pressure in reaction products
R2 for lin coef of pressure in reaction products
R5 for exp coef of pressure in reaction products
R6 for exp coef of pressure in reaction products
G for second ignition coefficient
R3 for const related to the specific heat in reaction product
R1E for lin coef of pressure in unreactive explosive
R2E for lin coef of pressure in unreactive explosive
R3E for const related to the specific heat in unreactive explosive
R5E for exp coef of pressure in unreactive explosive
R6E for exp coef of pressure in unreactive explosive
FMAXI for ignition Fmax
FQ for ignition term constant
G1 for growth term constant
M for growth term exponent
A1 for growth term exponent
S1 for growth term exponent
CP for Heat capacity of reaction products
CE for Heat capacity of unreacted HE
H for ignition term exponent
CCRIT for ignition term constant
QR for constant Qr
T0 for Initial temperature (in ° K )
FCUT for Minimum fraction reacted
TOLPI for Tolerance for pressure iteration
CHI for Maximum reaction per cycle
A2 for completion term exponent
S2 for completion term exponent
G2 for completion term constant
N for completion term exponent
FMAXR for growth Fmax
FMINR for growth Fmin
and
14 Self-Generated Table with Compaction (which reqires no input).

133. Seventeen new LLNL DYNA3D equations of state (DYNAEOS) have been added. The are
37. Three-Invariant Viscoplastic Cap Model
with parameters
G for Shear modulus
K for Bulk modulus
GRATIO for Gruneisen ratio
SP for Shock parameter
Explicit pore compression or Constant bulk modulus
ALPHA for Shear failure surface constant
THETA for Shear failure surface linear coefficient
GAMMA for Shear failure surface exponential coefficient
BETA for Shear failure surface exponent
TCP for Tensile pressure cutoff (negative in tension)
TRMM for Tensile return mapping mode
N for Kinematic hardening parameter
CBAR for Kinematic hardening coefficient
R0 for Initial ellipticity
X0 for Initial J1-axis intercept
IROCK for Cap contraction option
SECP for Shear-enhanced compaction parameter
W for Maximum plastic volume strain
NPLOT for Plot variable output option
MSI for Maximum strain increment
Q1, Q2 for Three-invariant parameters
DELTA, DELTAB for Rounded vertices parameters
VPFP for Viscoplasticity fluidity parameter
NFORM for Viscoplastic flow function form
38. Bammann Plasticity Model
with parameters
E for Young's modulus
PR for Poisson's ratio
T0 for Initial temperature
HC for Heat generation coefficient
C1 for rate dependence V(T) linear coefficient
C2 for rate dependence V(T) exponent coefficient
C3 for rate independent yield strength Y(T) linear coefficient
C4 for rate independent yield strength Y(T) exponent coefficient
C5 for material transitions rate F(T) linear coefficient
C6 for material transitions rate F(T) exponent coefficient
C7 for dynamic alpha recovery function rd(T) linear coefficient
C8 for dynamic alpha recovery function rd(T) exponent coefficient
C9 for hardening functions h(t) linear coefficient
C10 for hardening functions h(t) exponent coefficient
C11 for static alpha recovery function rs(T) linear coefficient
C12 for static alpha recovery function rs(T) exponent coefficient
C13 for dynamic kappa recovery function Rd(T) linear coefficient
C14 for dynamic kappa recovery function Rd(T) exponent coefficient
C15 for hardening functions H(t) linear coefficient
C16 for hardening functions H(t) exponent coefficient
C17 for static kappa recovery function Rs(T) linear coefficient
C18 for static kappa recovery function Rs(T) exponent coefficient
AXX,AYY,AXY,AYZ,AZX for Initial tensor
K0 for Initial scalar internal variable
39. Bammann Plasticity with Damage Model
with parameters
E for Young's modulus
PR for Poisson's ratio
T0 for Initial temperature
HC for Heat generation coefficient
C1 for rate dependence V(T) linear coefficient
C2 for rate dependence V(T) exponent coefficient
C3 for rate independent yield strength Y(T) linear coefficient
C4 for rate independent yield strength Y(T) exponent coefficient
C5 for material transitions rate F(T) linear coefficient
C6 for material transitions rate F(T) exponent coefficient
C7 for dynamic alpha recovery function rd(T) linear coefficient
C8 for dynamic alpha recovery function rd(T) exponent coefficient
C9 for hardening functions h(t) linear coefficient
C10 for hardening functions h(t) exponent coefficient
C11 for static alpha recovery function rs(T) linear coefficient
C12 for static alpha recovery function rs(T) exponent coefficient
C13 for dynamic kappa recovery function Rd(T) linear coefficient
C14 for dynamic kappa recovery function Rd(T) exponent coefficient
C15 for hardening functions H(t) linear coefficient
C16 for hardening functions H(t) exponent coefficient
C17 for static kappa recovery function Rs(T) linear coefficient
C18 for static kappa recovery function Rs(T) exponent coefficient
AXX,AYY,AXY,AYZ,AZX for Initial tensor
K0 for Initial scalar internal variable
M for Damage exponent
D0 for Initial void volume fraction (porosity)
40. Fahrenthold Brittle Damage
with parameters
E for Elastic modulus
A for Damage evolution coefficient
K for Damage evolution exponent
PR for Poisson's ratio,
AOPT for material axes selected by
Nodes,
Point And Element Center,
Normal Vectors, or
Cross Product With Shell Normal (shell elements only)
BETA for material Angle (AOPT = 3, only)
41. Fabric with Damage
with parameters
EA for Elastic modulus in longitudinal direction
EB for Elastic modulus in transverse direction
EC for Elastic modulus in normal direction
KF for Bulk modulus of failed material (solid elements only)
SN for Normal tensile strength (solid elements only)
SBC for Transverse shear strength (solid elements only)
SCA for Transverse shear strength (solid elements only)
PRBA for Poisson's ratio Vba
PRCA for Poisson's ratio Vca
PRCB for Poisson's ratio Vcb
SOFT for Ratio of soft E to stiff E in any direction
SIGSL for Stress value at transition
FILRAD for Fillet radius for transition
TSIZE for Minimum time step for element deletion
SSF for Stress/strain formulation (shell elements only)
GAB for Shear modulus Gab
GBC for Shear modulus Gbc
GCA for Shear modulus Gca
AOPT for material axes selected by
Nodes,
Point And Element Center,
Normal Vectors, or
Cross Product With Shell Normal (shell elements only)
BETA for material Angle (AOPT = 3, only)
42. Multi-Material Laminate (Shell Element) Model
with parameters
MN1 for Material number of 1-st integration point
MN2 for Material number of 2-nd integration point
MN3 for Material number of 3-rd integration point
MN4 for Material number of 4-th integration point
MN5 for Material number of 5-th integration point
MN6 for Material number of 6-th integration point
MN7 for Material number of 7-th integration point
MN8 for Material number of 8-th integration point
MN9 for Material number of 9-th integration point
MN10 for Material number of 10-th integration point
MN11 for Material number of 11-th integration point
MN12 for Material number of 12-th integration point
MN13 for Material number of 13-th integration point
MN14 for Material number of 14-th integration point
MN15 for Material number of 15-th integration point
MN16 for Material number of 16-th integration point
MN17 for Material number of 17-th integration point
MN18 for Material number of 18-th integration point
MN19 for Material number of 19-th integration point
MN20 for Material number of 20-th integration point
MN21 for Material number of 21-st integration point
MN22 for Material number of 22-nd integration point
MN23 for Material number of 23-rd integration point
MN24 for Material number of 24-th integration point
MN25 for Material number of 25-th integration point
MN26 for Material number of 26-th integration point
MN27 for Material number of 27-th integration point
MN28 for Material number of 28-th integration point
MN29 for Material number of 29-th integration point
MN30 for Material number of 30-th integration point
MN31 for Material number of 31-st integration point
MN32 for Material number of 32-nd integration point
MN33 for Material number of 33-rd integration point
MN34 for Material number of 34-th integration point
MN35 for Material number of 35-th integration point
MN36 for Material number of 36-th integration point
MN37 for Material number of 37-th integration point
MN38 for Material number of 38-th integration point
MN39 for Material number of 39-th integration point
MN40 for Material number of 40-th integration point
MN41 for Material number of 41-st integration point
MN42 for Material number of 42-nd integration point
MN43 for Material number of 43-rd integration point
MN44 for Material number of 44-th integration point
MN45 for Material number of 45-th integration point
MN46 for Material number of 46-th integration point
MN47 for Material number of 47-th integration point
43. Transversely Isotropic Visco-Hyperelasticity
with parameters
C1 for Mooney-Rivlin Coefficient, C1
C2 for Mooney-Rivlin Coefficient, C2
C3 for Exponential Stress Coefficient, C3 E10.0
C4 for Fiber Uncrimping Coefficient, C4
C5 for Modulus of Straightened Fibers, C5
G1 for Viscoelastic Coefficient gamma1
G2 for Viscoelastic Coefficient gamma2
G3 for Viscoelastic Coefficient gamma3
G4 for Viscoelastic Coefficient gamma4
G5 for Viscoelastic Coefficient gamma5
G6 for Viscoelastic Coefficient gamma6
K for Bulk modulus
LAMBDA for Fiber stretch for straightened fibers
TAU1 for Relaxation time, tau1
TAU2 for Relaxation time, tau2
TAU3 for Relaxation time, tau3
TAU4 for Relaxation time, tau4
TAU5 for Relaxation time, tau5
TAU6 for Relaxation time, tau6
IFSF for Initial Stretch
LCID for Load Curve for applying initial stretch
AOPT for material axes selected by
Nodes,
Point And Element Center, or
Normal Vectors
44. Low Density Rigid Foam
with parameters
EC for Young's modulus Ec
ED for Young's modulus Ed
PRC for Poisson's ratio Vc
PRD for Poisson's ratio Vd
SIGY for Yield stress
CA for Yield parameter
HYS for Hydrostatic yield stress
DR for Rate of densification
RVLUP for Relative volume lock up
NU for Viscosity
N for Power law coefficient
45. DTRA Concrete/Geologic Material
with parameters
PR for Poisson's ratio
FT for Unconfined tensile strength
A0Y for Cohesion for max. failure surface
A1 for Max. failure surface coefficient, a1
A2 for Max. failure surface coefficient, a2
EXP for Compressive damage scaling exponent
FD for Fractional dilatency
A1F for Residual failure surface coefficient
LSTRCH for Lambda stretch factor
EMR for Output selector for epx1
EDROP for Exponent edrop on for post peak dilatency decay
PVSTRF for Critical value for plastic volumetric strain failure
LCID for Load curve giving rate sensitivity
VDF for 13 tabulated values of damage function
B3 for Damage scaling coefficient for triaxial tension
A0Y for Cohesion for initial yield surface
A1Y for Initial yield surface coefficient
VSF for 13 tabulated values of scale factor
B2 for Tensile damage scaling exponent
A2F for Residual failure surface coefficient
A2Y for Initial yield surface coefficient
46. Anisotropic Elastic
with parameters
SMAT for the Stiffness matrix
AOPT for material axes selected by
Nodes,
Point And Element Center,
Normal Vectors,
Cross Product With Shell Normal (shell elements only), or
Point And axis of revolution.
BETA for material Angle (AOPT = 3, only)
50. Braided Composite Model with Damage
with parameters
EX for Longitudinal modulus
EY for Transverse modulus
PRBA for Longitudinal-transverse Poisson's ratio, nu12
GAB for Longitudinal-transverse shear modulus, mu12
GBC for Transverse-transverse shear modulus, mu23
GCA for Longitudinal-transverse shear modulus, mu13
POPT for Plot variable option
SIGMA0 forReference yield stress
EP0 for Reference strain
N for Strain hardening exponent
SFTEN for Transverse tensile strength
OMTEN for Transverse tensile damage energy
SATEN for Transverse tensile saturation stress
D44 for First transverse damage shear factor
D55 for Second transverse damage shear factor
EFAIL for Transverse compressive failure strain
OMCOMP for Transverse compressive damage energy
SATCOM for Transverse compressive saturation stress
TSYF for Transverse shear yield factor
TSSF for Transverse shear failure factor
TSIZE for Minimum time-step for element deletion
FEFTEN for Fiber tensile failure strain
FOMTEN for Fiber tensile damage energy
FTSD for Fiber tensile shear damage factor
FSATEN for Fiber tensile saturation stress
FEFAIL for Fiber compressive failure strain
FOMCOM for Fiber compressive damage energy
FSARCM for Fiber compressive saturation stress
FIBDIR for Fiber direction characteristic length
TRNDIR for Transverse direction characteristic length
IFDRM for Kinematic formulation, Ifdrm E10.0
AOPT for material axes selected by
Nodes. or
Cross Product With Shell Normal (shell elements only)
BETA for material Angle (AOPT = 3, only)
56. Uni-Directional Elasto-Plastic Composite (type 58)
with parameters
EM for Matrix Young's modulus
PRM for Matrix Poisson's ratio
KM for Matrix Yield stress coefficient
NM for Matrix strain hardening exponent
EP0 for Refrence strain
FEX for Fiber longitudinal Young's modulus
FEY for Fiber transverse Young's modulus
FVAB for Fiber longitudinal-transverse Poisson's ratio
FVBC for Fiber transverse-transverse Poisson's ratio
FGAB for Fiber longitudinal-transverse shear modulus
FVF for Fiber volume fraction,
POPT for Plot option
AOPT for material axes selected by
Nodes,
Point And Element Center,
Normal Vectors, or
Point And axis of revolution.
62. Uni-Directional Elasto-Plastic Composite (type 62)
with parameters
EM for Matrix Young's modulus
PRM for Matrix Poisson's ratio
KM for Matrix Yield stress coefficient
NM for Matrix strain hardening exponent
EP0 for Reference strain
EHIGH for Elevated strain rate
SIGR for Relative yield strength at elevated rate
B3 for Cutoff strain rate
FEX for Fiber longitudinal Young's modulus
FEY for Fiber transverse Young's modulus
FVAB for Fiber longitudinal-transverse Poisson's ratio
FVBC for Fiber transverse-transverse Poisson's ratio
FGAB for Fiber longitudinal-transverse shear modulus
FVF for Fiber volume fraction
SIGCF for Transverse lamina tensile strength
SIGTF for Transverse lamina compressive strength
TAUF for Inplane shear strength
AM for Matrix pressure dependence coefficient
63. Visco-Hyper Elastic
with parameters
KINF for Equilibrium bulk modulus
G1INF for First equilibrium shear modulus
AL1NF for First equilibrium exponent
G2INF for Second equilibrium shear modulus
AL2NF for Second equilibrium exponent
G3INF for Third equilibrium shear modulus
AL3NF for Third equilibrium exponent
K for Bulk modulus (Maxwell)
G1 for First Maxwell shear modulus
AL1 for First Maxwell exponent
G2 for Second Maxwell shear modulus
AL2 for Second Maxwell exponent
G3 for Third Maxwell shear modulus
AL3 for Third Maxwell exponent
RTIME for Relaxation time
64. Steinberg-Guinan High Rate Elastic-Plastic with 3-D Failure
with parameters
G for Shear modulus
SIGY for Yield stress
BETA for Strain hardening law constant
N for Strain hardening component
GAMA for Initial plastic strain
EFP for Equivalent plastic strain at failure
WYS for Shear failure flag
WYT for Tensile failure flag
WM for Weibull distribution parameter
WSEED for Weibull seed
FRIC for Friction on closed cracks
SIGM for Yield stress work hardening limit
B for Shear modulus pressure constant
BP for Yield stress pressure constant
H for Energy coefficient
F for Energy exponential coefficient
A for Atomic weight
T0 for Melting temperature constant
Gam0 for Thermodynamic gamma
SA for Thermodynamic constant
FT for Tensile strength
ISPALL for Spall model
IVAR for Cold compression energy polynomial flag
MIN for Optional minimum limit for energy fit
MAX for Optional maximum limit for energy fit
EC0,...,EC9 for Cold compression polynomial coefficients
65. DTRA Concrete/Geologic Material - Phase III
with parameters
FT for Unconfined tensile strength
FC for Unconfined compressive strength
UNLENG for Conversion factor for length (inch/unit length)
UNSP for Conversion factor for stress/pressure (psi/unit pressure)
LCID for Load curve giving rate sensitivity
70. Brittle Damage Model with Power-law Plasticity
with parameters
E for Young's modulus
PR for Poisson's ratio
K for Yield stress coefficient
N for Strain hardening exponent
E0 for Optional strain offset
SIG0 for Optional stress offset
G0 for Fracture toughness
FT for Tensile strength
FS for Shear strength
M for First optional distribution parameter
GAMA for Second optional distribution parameter
WSEED for Optional random number seed
DELTA for Retention factor
SLID for Crackface friction idealization
SFORM for Strain formulation
SDIST for Strength distribution model,

134. The RELAX and RELAXI commands smoothed the mesh in cylindrical coordinates instead of Cartesian coordinates when making a CYLINDER part. This caused some modest undesirable effects in the mesh. This is now corrected so that the mesh is smoothed the same way, reguardless of the underlying part coordinate system.

135. The new FOR command is a loop like the DO statement in FORTRAN and the FOR statement in C.

FOR p_name start end increment

where p_name is the index variable name
start is the starting index
end is the ending index
increment is the increment to be added to the index variable

The ENDFOR command flags the end of the FOR block. All commands between these two are repeated the designated number of times.

The FOR and WHILE commands are similar in nature and have the same combine limitations. They can be nested 20 deep. Every FOR and ENDFOR statement should be on a separate line. Also, care is needed so that an IF/ELSEIF/ELSE/ENDIF block or a WHILE/ENDWHILE block does not cross the FOR/ENDFOR block. Use the break command to jump out of a FOR/ENDFOR loop. An interrupt inside a FOR loop will be ignored.

EXAMPLE:

CURD 1 lp3
FOR i 1 100 1
[sin(%i*5)] [cos(%i*6)] %i
ENDFOR
;;;

The FOR/ENDFOR, WHILE/ENDWHILE, IF/ELSEIF/ELSE/ENDIF, BREAK, and INCLUDE commands are processed first by TrueGrid. So they can now be embedded anywhere. They do not have to start and end at the beginning and ending of other TrueGrid commands. For example, the example above can also be done using two files:

First File (named file1):

CURD 1 lp3
INCLUDE file2
;;;

Second File (named file2):

FOR i 1 100 1
[sin(%i*5)] [cos(%i*6)] %i
ENDFOR

136. A bug was fixed with 1 way transitions (TRBB) and node sets selected in the part phase. In some cases, the wrong nodes on the transition region were selected.

137. A bug was on the Machintosh where successive display of the physical and environment windows were lower on the screen than the previous display has been fixed.

138. The diagnostics for quadratic elements have been improved in the merge phase.

139. A new diagnostic feature has been added to the MEASURE command in the part and merge phases. The new option, SUBVOL (SUB-element VOLume) displays the minimum and maximum sample volumes used to calculate the elment volume (VOLUME option) and the absolute volume (AVOLUM option). The new option will allow the user to isolate volumes which have negative sub-sample volumes but positive overall volume.

140. A bug was fixed that only applies to the SUN version of TrueGrid. This bug caused a problem with the LD command when using the lp, lp2, ltbc, lo, lod, and lnof when used as the first option when combine with ACCURACY of 2.0 or greater. In these cases, the projection to the surface from the rotation (SD with crx, cry, crz, or cr option) of the 2D curve (LD command) might be in error.

141. The MTV has 7 new options. They are:
CSP (compliment of a sphere) with the same arguments as SP
CCY (compliment of an infinite cylinder) with the same arguments as CY
CCR (compliment of a rotated 2D curve) with the same arguments as CR
CCYF (compliment of a finite cylinder) with the same arguments as CYF
CSD (compliment of a surface) with the same arguments as SD
CNSD (compliment of a normal offset surface) with the same arguments as NSD
CBOX (compliment of a box) with the same arguments as BOX

142. A new output option is available for SAP2000.

143. A bug was fixed with the DELEM command in the merge phase and the lasso in the Pick-Sets when selecting a node with the mouse. In some cases this would fail after using the DELEM command. This would only occur if the element deletion caused some nodes to also be deleted.

144. The MT option for the ESET command in the merge phase will now also select linear beam elements as part of an element set.

145. Quadratic beam elements (3 nodes) can now be generated using the IBM, IBMI, JBM, JBMI, KBM, and KBMI commands in the part phase and the BM command in the merge phase. The QUADRATIC command must be invoked prior to the part being generated. In the commands DELEM and ESET in the merge phase, the QBM option has been added to expend these commands to quadratic beams. The ETD command has the new 1DQ option to remove/add quadratic beams to the picture. LABELS and MLABS uses the option 1Q to label the quadratic beams and LOC1DQ to locate a specific quadratic beam.

146. The ABAQUS quadratic beam elements listed below are now generated by TrueGrid. As usual, choose the family name for the beam or truss element. TrueGrid will choose the appropriate element type. If you activate the generation of quadratic elements (QUADRATIC command) before using the BM, IBM, IBMI, JBM, JBMI, KBM, or KBMI commands, then quadratic beam elements will be generated.

Element types: B32, B32H, PIPE32, PIPE32H, B32OS, B32OSH

147. A bug was fixed with the MESHSCAL command. It effected parts in the interactive mode with transitional block boundaries (TRBB).

148. A bug was fixed that generated unused (floating) nodes when using the TRBB command with quadratic elements and with 2:4 transition in some cases.

149. The new output option ICFEP creates a mesh file for the simulation code called ICFEP from the Imperial College of London. This should only be used for quadratic elements. The ICFEPMAT command assigns the element type to a material. For two problems, be sure that all of the z-coordinates have absolute value less than or equal to ZTOL. Be sure to merge the nodes in the merge phase before issuing the WRITE command.

150. There are some new options to the BM command in the merge phase.

A string of beam elements can be attached to a block boundary interface. The first node of the string of beams will match the coordinates of the first point in a 1D block boundary. Similarly, the last node in a string of beams will match the coordinates of the last point in the block boundary. The number of nodes in the string of beams must match the number of nodes in the block boundary. When generating linear beams, the number of nodes along a string of beams will be the value assigned to NBMS plus 1. When generating quadratic beams, the number of nodes along a string of beams will be the value assigned to NBMS doubled plus 1. This option only allows a string of beams to be on the slave side of a block boundary interface. One will typically form the master side of the block boundary interface using the bb command with the part generation of shells or solids or using the MBB command to create an arbitrary master block boundary.

The new options ND1C and ND2C assign nodal constraints to the first and last nodes formed along a block boundary.

BB n;
where n is the number of the master block boundary
ND1C conds ;
ND2C conds ;
where a cond can be
DX to constrain the displacement in the x-direction
DY to constrain the displacement in the y-direction
DZ to constrain the displacement in the z-direction
RX to constrain the rotation about the global x-axis
RY to constrain the rotation about the global y-axis
RZ to constrain the rotation about the global z-axis

When a single quadratic beam is generated, the intermediate (or quadratic) node can be speciified using one of the following options:

N4 node use an existing node
PM4 node use a point mass node
RT4 x y z conds; create a node is Cartesian coordinates
CY4 rho theta z conds; create a node in cylindrical coordinates
SP4 rho theta phi conds; create a node in spherial coordinates
where a cond can be
DX to constrain the displacement in the x-direction
DY to constrain the displacement in the y-direction
DZ to constrain the displacement in the z-direction
RX to constrain the rotation about the global x-axis
RY to constrain the rotation about the global y-axis
RZ to constrain the rotation about the global z-axis

The CUR option should not be used with any of these new options.

151. The MASS and TMASS commands in the merge phase now work for quadratic elements.

152. The ANSYS quadratic beam BEAM189 is now generated by TrueGrid. By sure to select this type of element when defining the material model with ANSYMATS. If you activate the generation of quadratic elements (QUADRATIC command) before using the BM, IBM, IBMI, JBM, JBMI, KBM, or KBMI commands, then quadratic beam elements will be generated.

153. There are four new options for LS-DYNA.

To generate the following cards for LS-DYNA:

*CONTROL_STAGED_CONSTRUCTION
*DEFINE_CONSTRUCTION_STAGES

use the option STAGED on the LSDYOPTS command:

STAGED start stgs stge accel fact stref stage_lists ;
where
tstart for time at start of analysis
stgs for construction stage at start of analysis
stge for construction stage at the end of analysis
accel for default acceleration for gravity loading
fact for default stiffness and gravity factor
stref for reference stage for displacements
where a stage list is formed by
istage for stage ID
ats for analysis time at start of stage
ate for anaylsis time at end of stage
atr for analysis time duration of ramp
rts for real time at start of stage
rte for real time at end of stage

To generate the LS-DYNA card:

*DEFINE_STAGED_CONSTRUCTION_PART

use the CSTAGE option of the LSDYMATS command:

CSTAGE pid stga stgb
where
pid for part ID
stga for construction stage at which part is added
stgb for construction stage at which part is removed

To generate the LS-DYNA card:

*MAT_ADD_THERMAL_EXPANSION

use the ADDTE option of the LSDYMATS command:

ADDTE pid lcid mult
where
pid for part ID
lcid for load curve number (-1 for none)
mult for scale factor scaling load curve

To generate the LS-DYNA card:

*MAT_ADD_EROSION

use some of the following LSDYMATS options:

EXCL exclusion_# for the exclusion number
PFAIL pressure for the pressure at failure
SIGP1 stress for the pricipal stress at failure
SIGVM stress for the equivalent stress at failure
EPSP1 strain for the principal strain at failure
EPSSH strain for the shear strain at failure
SIGTH stress for the threshod stress
IMPULSE stress for the stress impulse for failure
FAILTM time for the failure time

To generate the LS-DYNA card:

*CONSTRAINED_TIE-BREAK

use the new command TIBRK in the merge phase

TIBRK slave_node_set master_node_set strain

where the node sets are formed using various options of the nset command or the set window in the merge phase. Then use the ADNSET, MVNSET, RVNSET, and CRVNSET commands to reorder the nodes in each set.